Quick writeup of some basic but useful commands for Windows, Linux, and MacOS.
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| OS System Version |
winver |
lsb_release -a / uname -a |
sw_vers -productVersion |
| Hardware Specs |
systeminfo |
lshw /lscpu |
system_profiler SPHardwareDataType |
| System Uptime |
systeminfo/ net statistics / workstation |
uptime / cat /proc/uptime |
uptime |
| Network Config |
ipconfig/ ifconfig |
ip addr / ifconfig |
ifconfig/ ipconfig getifaddr en0 |
File System and Directory Structure
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| File and Folder Permissions |
icacls, takeown |
ls -k, chmod, chown |
ls -l, chmod, chown |
| Check Disk Usage |
dir, fsutil, wmic |
df,du |
df,du |
User and Group Management
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Listing Users |
net user, wmic |
cat /etc/passwd |
dscl . -list /Users |
| Managing User Accounts |
net user, wmic |
useradd, usermod, userdel |
sudo dscl . -create /USers/ |
| User abd Group Permissions |
icacls, takeown |
chmod, chown, chgrp |
chmod, chown, chgrp |
Process Management
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Viewing running processes |
tasklist |
ps, top |
ps, top |
| Managing process info |
taskkill |
kill, pkill, killall |
kill, pkill, killall |
| Investigate Process Info |
tasklist, wmic |
ps -ef, lsof, fuser |
ps -ef, lsof, fuser |
Network and Connectivity Services
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Check Connectivity |
ping, tracert |
ping, traceroute |
ping, traceroute |
| Identify active Network Connections |
netstat, Get-NetICPConnection |
netstat ss |
netstat, lsof -i, lsof -i port_number |
System Services
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Viewing running service |
services.msc, sc query |
systemctl list-units, service –status-all |
launchctl list |
| Start/Stop/Restart service |
services.msc, sc start/stop/restart |
systemctl start/stop/restart , service /start/stop/restart |
sudo launchctl start/stop/ |
System Logs and Monitoring
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Accessing System Logs |
vent Viewer, wevutil |
syslog journalctl |
/var/log/system.log |
| Monitoring System Resource Usage |
Task Manager, Performance Monitor |
top, htop |
Activity Monitor, top, htop |
| Analyzing Log Files |
Event Viewer, wevutil |
grep, tail, less |
grep, tail, less |
Security and Encryption
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Check File integrity |
certutil -hashfile |
sha256sum , md5sum |
shasum -a 256 , md5 |
| Working With Encryption Tools/Keys |
BitLocker, EFS |
GPG, OpenSSL |
FileVault, encryption utilities |
| Scan for Malware |
Windows Defender, Security Essentials |
ClamAV, rkhunter, chkrootkit |
XProtect, ClamAV, EtreCheck, KnockKnock |
System Maintenance and Automation
| task |
Windows CMD |
Linux CMD |
MacOS CMD |
| Scheduling/Managing Tasks & CronJobs |
Task Scheduler |
Cron, crontab |
launchd, cron |
| Automate repetitive Tasks with SCripts |
Batch files (.bat, .cmd), PowerShell |
Bash Scripts |
Bash Scripts, Automator, AppleScript |
| Config System Backups |
Windows Backup, third-party tools |
rsync, tar, cron, dd |
Time Machine, rsync, cron, dd |
